Water conditions: Neutral, 20-23^oC

Spawning Method: Spawning Mops

Sex ratio: Roughly equal

Breeding difficulty: Easy

Success: Fairly successful

Breeder: (1 years experience with this species)

Water conditions: Moderately hard and alkaline

Spawning Method: Adult fish removed from tank

Sex ratio: Somewhat male heavy

Breeding difficulty: Easy

Success: Average

Other Comments: Fish I had were somewhat light and human-shy, but males were very agressive among themselves and with female (both dominant male and sole female lost to injuries suffered).Surviving male also probably bolted several small Paracheirodon simulans. I did not observe agression against other fishes, including the larger simulans.Maintenance tank was 5.5 gallon. Temperature in low 70s F., water not tested, but almost certainly at least moderately hard and alkaline (don't think any water I've ever tested anywhere I lived was less than 7.6). Some Keta-peat extract added, but probably unnecessary. For spawning, put male and female in 2.5 gallon with lots of Java moss. Left them in about 2 weeks because I had read they were not very prolific. Result was probably over 100 fry, as around 100 survived to near adulthood. Newly-hatch fry were extremely small, much more so than expected (I have experience only with E. barmoiensis and A. australe to compare). They were fed a very fine dry food until brine shrimp hatched, then a combination of the two, receiving brine shrimp probably 3-4 days a week. There were some deformed individuals (maybe 3-5 total). Fry remained quite shy, bolting for cover whenever aquarium top opened. Unfortunately, almost the entire spawn lost to ich (my first case ever in 15-20 years of fishkeeping) and unsuccessful treatment attempts when they were about 1 to 1.5 inches long.

Breeder: Jim Morgan, NJ, United States (2 years experience with this species)